As a group, these methods need more study before they can be recommended with confidence to families, educators, and healthcare providers. To improve this situation, easier, and faster alternative methods have been proposed and applied with various feasibilities and sensitivities ( 6, 16). In addition, the difficulties posed by standard evaluation methods are even greater among minority groups (e.g., African American, Hispanic, Asians, and etc.) in the USA due to language and cultural barriers, including a bias against mental diseases or conditions ( 12– 15). The mean age of diagnosis is still 4–5 years old worldwide despite recent advances and efforts ( 7). Shortages in resources for such evaluations may thus delay diagnosis and treatment ( 10, 11). Standard evaluation methods for ASD, such as Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule™ (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), have been developed to provide an official diagnosis ( 8, 9), but these standard methods are often lengthy, difficult, and costly. The study involves human participants and was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH, 2017P0000857).Įarly diagnosis and intervention significantly impact the prognosis of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underscores the importance of easily applied early detection and screening tools ( 1– 7). This study helps to show that the RITA-T may be used in a larger age range than originally reported and in different ethnic groups. Significant correlations between the measures help validate the potential usefulness of the RITA-T as a rapid early screening measure of ASD. The RITA-T performed similarly to the ADOS-2 when both were administered in a single visit. Our receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the optimal cut-off score of the RITA-T was consistently at 14, with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 89% in the combined age group with the ADOS-2 and with a sensitivity 74% and specificity 50% with the DSM-5 The area under the curve was 0.84 (95%CI: 0.69–0.99) for ASD classified by ADOS-2 and 0.89 (95%CI: 0.79–0.99) for ASD diagnosed by DSM-5. Lastly, correlations using subgroups based on ethnicity were only significant in the minority (“Other”) group for ADOS-2 total scores and in the Asian group for SA sub-scores ( P < 0.05). Similarly, ADOS-2 total and SA scores were significantly correlated in both age groups, while the RRB sub-score was only significant in females ( P < 0.05). With all participants, RITA-T scores correlated significantly with ADOS-2 total scores ( P < 0.001), social affect (SA) sub-scores ( P < 0.001), and restrictive and repetitive behavior (RRB) sub-scores ( P < 0.05). Participants were split into two age groups and both whole-group and sub-group data analysis were conducted. Thirty-five individuals (18–84 months-old) identified as at risk for ASD received the RITA-T and the ADOS-2 during a single visit. The hypothesis is to validate the RITA-T with comparison to the ADOS-2. The Rapid Interactive screening Test for Autism in Toddlers (RITA-T) is a fast and inexpensive early screening measure for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that was tested previously in children 18–36 months-old the current validation study compared the RITA-T with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule™ Second Edition (ADOS-2). 2Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States Xue-Jun Kong 1,2 * Hannah Tayla Sherman 1 Ruiyi Tian 1 Madelyn Koh 1 Siyu Liu 1 Alice Chukun Li 1 William S.
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